Choosing a chiropractor in Australia: registration, what to expect and costs

They take a history, examine movement and use manual techniques, including joint manipulation or mobilisation, soft tissue work and exercises. People commonly see them for back, neck and joint pain and headaches linked to the neck.

Chiropractor is a protected title under the National Law and chiropractors are registered through Ahpra with the Chiropractic Board of Australia. Ahpra lists chiropractic among the professions in the national scheme, and calling yourself a chiropractor without registration is an offence. Search the Ahpra public register before your first visit.

All three are registered professions that treat back and joint pain, and they overlap. Healthdirect notes that you can usually see a physiotherapist or osteopath directly without a referral. The best choice often depends on the approach you prefer and the person's experience with your problem. If one approach is not helping after a reasonable trial, consider a second opinion rather than continuing indefinitely.

• A health history and examination, possibly including neurological checks.
• An explanation of the likely cause and a treatment plan.
• Manual therapy and advice on activity and posture.
• Referral for imaging or medical care when needed.

You should be told about the benefits and the risks of any technique, particularly manipulation of the neck, and you can decline any technique.

Fees vary by clinic. Chiropractic services can be part of Medicare's allied health items, with up to five individual services a year for patients with a GP chronic condition management plan and a referral, shared across the types of service. Private extras often cover chiropractic up to annual limits. Ask for a fee schedule and avoid paying large amounts up front for long treatment plans.

A good plan sets out what you are treating, what you can expect, how many visits are likely and when the plan will be reviewed. You should feel able to ask questions, say no to a technique and get a second opinion. Be cautious if you are pushed to pay for many sessions in advance, or told you need ongoing treatment when you feel well.

Keep your GP informed, especially if you take medicines or have a long-term condition. A clinic that works well with other providers will share reports with your consent.

1. Are you registered with Ahpra? What is your number?
2. What do you think is causing my pain, and how many visits do you expect?
3. What are the risks of the technique you propose?
4. How will you measure progress, and when would you refer me on?
5. What are the fees, and can I claim?

• 'Regular adjustments are needed for life.' Be cautious about open-ended or prepaid treatment plans.
• 'Chiropractic can treat illnesses unrelated to the musculoskeletal system.' Be sceptical and ask what evidence is offered.
• 'X-rays are needed for every patient.' Imaging should be justified by your symptoms.

Check with a professional first. Seek urgent medical care for loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness around the groin, new weakness, severe headache with neck pain, fever with back pain or pain after significant trauma. See your GP first if you have osteoporosis, cancer or are on blood thinners.